The tax information contained in this publication is accurate as at 15 February 2022. The information included within is designed to increase the reader’s general awareness of the Cyprus Tax System and in no case should substitute seeking professional advice. For explanations, clarifications or professional advice please contact your C. Costa & Associates advisors.

INCOME TAX

Ιndividuals

Imposition of tax

An individual who is tax resident in the Republic of Cyprus (the Republic), is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

An individual who is not tax resident in the Republic, is taxed on income accruing or arising only from sources within the Republic.

Tax residency

An individual is tax resident in the Republic if he/she is present in the Republic for more than 183 days in a tax year.

For the purpose of calculating the days of presence in the Republic:

the day of departure from the Republic is considered as a day out of the Republic

the day of arrival into the Republic is considered as a day in the Republic

the arrival into the Republic and departure from the Republic on the same day is considered as a day in the Republic and

the departure from the Republic and return to the Republic on the same day is considered as a day out of the

Personal income tax rates

Taxable Income €	Tax Rate %	Tax €	Cumulative Tax €
0 – 19.500	0	0	0
19.501 – 28.000	20	1.700	1.700
28.001 – 36.300	25	2.075	3.775
36.301 – 60.000	30	7.110	10.885
60.001 and over	35

Exemptions

The following are exempt from income tax:

Exemption

Dividend income The whole amount

Interest income The whole (Interest income arising in the ordinary amount course of the business, including interest

closely connected with the ordinary carrying on of the business, is not considered as interest income and is not exempt)

Remuneration from any 20% of the employment exercised in the Republic remuneration by an individual who was resident or €8.550 outside the Republic before (whichever is the commencement of the employment lower) (note 1)Remuneration from any 50% employment exercised of the in the Republic by an individual remuneration who was resident outside the Republic before the commencement of his employment in the Republic, provided that the annual remuneration of the employee exceeds €100.000 (note 2)

Remuneration from the rendering The whole of salaried services outside the Republic amount to a non-resident employer or to a permanent establishment outside the Republic of a resident employer for a total period in the year of assessment of more than 90 days

Foreign exchange (FX) gains, with The whole the exception of FX gains arising from amount trading in foreign currencies and related derivatives (note 3) Gains arising from disposal of Securities The whole (note 4) amount

Gains arising from a loan The whole restructuring (note 12) amount

Profits of a permanent establishment The whole maintained outside the Republic amount (subject to certain conditions)
Rent from preserved building The whole (subject to certain conditions) amount

Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, The whole commutation of pension, death amount gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury

Lump sum repayment from life The whole

insurance schemes or from approved amount provident funds

Deductible expenses

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the production of income are deductible in calculating taxable income, including:

Deduction

Interest relating to the acquisition The whole of fixed assets used in the business amount

Expenses for letting of buildings 20% of the rental income

Interest in respect of the acquisition The whole of a building for rental purposes amount

Subscriptions to trade unions or The whole professional bodies amount

Expenditure for the maintenance of Depends on buildings under preservation order the size of the (subject to certain conditions) building

Donations to approved charitable The whole organisations (with receipts) amount
Special contribution The whole on salaries and pensions amount (for details see page 46)

Profits from the exploitation 80% and/or disposal of intellectual property rights (note 6)

Expenditure incurred for the The whole acquisition of shares in amount an innovative business

Non-deductible expenses

The following expenses are not deductible in calculating taxable income:

Non-deductible

Expenses not incurred wholly The whole and exclusively for the production amount of income

Business entertainment expenses amount in excess of 1% of the gross income or €17.086 (whichever is lower)

Private motor vehicle expenses The whole amount
Immovable property tax The whole amount
Interest payable or deemed to be The whole payable in relation to the acquisition amount of a private motor vehicle, irrespective

of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of purchase of the relevant asset.

Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Expenditure which is not supported The whole by appropriate supporting amount documentation as required by the relevant Regulations

Wages and salaries relating to services The whole offered within the tax year on which amount social insurance and other contributions, have not been paid in the year in which they were due

In case the above contributions (including any penalties and interest) are paid within 2 years following the due date, such wages and salaries will be tax deductible in the tax year in which they are paid.

Loans or other financial assistance provided to company directors or individual shareholders

Any amount received as a loan or financial assistance by a company’s director, or by a company’s individual shareholder, or by his/her spouse, or by any relative up to a second degree is considered as a monthly benefit equal to 9% p.a. calculated on the amount received. Such benefit, is included in the individual’s taxable income subject to income tax.

The amount of tax on the monthly benefit should be withheld from the individual’s monthly salary and paid to the Tax Department on a monthly basis under the PAYE system.

Annual wear and tear allowances

Annual wear and tear allowances available for companies (pages 14 and 15) are also available to individuals.

Losses

Losses carried forward

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements (i.e. those with turnover in excess of €70.000) may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income.

Where a person, including a partnership, converts his/her business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Losses of a permanent establishment outside the Republic

Tax losses arising from a permanent establishment maintained outside the Republic can be offset against taxable profits of the company arising in the Republic in the same year. However, any subsequent taxable profits from such a permanent establishment are taxable up to the amount of tax losses allowed.

Personal Tax Allowances

The following are deductible from income:

Allowance

Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident limited to and pension funds and the General Health 1/6 of the Plan, contributions to medical or other taxable approved funds as well as life insurance income premiums in respect of the life of the before this claimant (note 13) allowance

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid on income subject to income tax in Cyprus is credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on such income, irrespective of the existence of a tax treaty.

Companies

A company which is tax resident in the Republic, is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

A company which is not tax resident in the Republic, is taxed on income accruing or arising only from sources within the Republic.

Tax residency

A company is tax resident in the Republic if it is managed and controlled from the Republic.

Tax rate

Corporate income tax 12.5%

Exemptions

The following are exempt from corporate income tax:

Exemption

Dividend income The whole (note 5) amount
Interest income The whole (Interest arising in the ordinary amount course of the business including interest closely connected with the carrying on of the business,and interest earned by a collective investment scheme, is not considered interest income and is not exempt)

Foreign Exchange (FX) gains with The whole the exception of FX gains arising from amount trading in foreign currencies and related derivatives (note 3)

Gains arising from the disposal of Securities The whole (note 4) amount
Gains arising from a loan The whole restructuring (note 12) amount
Profits from a permanent establishment The whole maintained outside the Republic amount (subject to certain conditions)
Rent from preserved building The whole (subject to certain conditions) amount

Deductible expenses

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the production of income are deductible in calculating taxable income, including:

Deduction

Interest incurred for the acquisition The whole of a fixed asset used in the business amount
Notional interest deduction (NID) Up to 80% on new equity of the taxable (note 7) profit derived from assets financed by the new equity (as calculated prior to the NID deduction)

Expenditure for the maintenance of Depends on buildings under preservation order the size of (subject to certain conditions) the building
Donations to approved charitable The whole organisations (with receipts) amount
Profits from the exploitation and/or 80% disposal of intellectual property rights (note 6)

Employer’s contributions to The whole approved funds on employees’ salaries amount
Special contribution on salaries The whole (page 46) amount
Expenditure incurred for the The whole acquisition of shares in amount an innovative business

Non-deductible expenses

The following expenses are not deductible in calculating taxable income:

Non-deductible

Business entertainment expenses amounts in excess of 1% of the gross income or €17.086 (whichever is lower)
Private motor vehicle expenses The whole amount
Immovable property tax The whole amount
Interest payable or deemed to be payable The whole in relation to the acquisition of a private amount motor vehicle, irrespective of whether

it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset

Expenditure which is not supported by The whole appropriate supporting documentation as amount required by the relevant Regulations
Wages and salaries relating to services The whole offered within the tax year on which amount social insurance and other contributions

have not been paid in the year in which they were due will not be tax deductible for the calculation of taxable income

In case the above contributions (including any penalties and interest) are paid within two years following the due date, such wages and salaries will be tax deductible in the tax year in which they are paid.

Losses

Losses carried forward

Companies may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years to be offset against taxable income.

Group relief

Current year tax losses may be surrendered by one Cyprus tax resident group company to another. A group company which is tax resident in another EU country may also surrender current year tax losses to a Cyprus tax resident company, provided such company firstly exhausts all possibilities available to utilise its tax losses in its country of residence or in the country of any intermediary EU holding company.

Group relief is available if both companies are members of the same group for the entire tax year.

Two companies are considered to be part of a group for group relief purposes if:

one is a 75% subsidiary of the other, or
both are 75% subsidiaries of a third company

The interposition of a non-Cyprus tax resident company does not affect the eligibility for group relief as long as such company is tax resident in either an EU country or in a country with which Cyprus has either a tax treaty or an exchange of information treaty (bilateral or multilateral).

Where a company has been incorporated by its parent company during the tax year, this company will be deemed to be a member of this group for group relief purposes for that tax year.

Losses of a permanent establishment outside the Republic

Tax losses arising from a permanent establishment outside the Republic can be offset against taxable profits of the company arising in the Republic in the same year. However, any subsequent taxable profits from such a permanent establishment are taxable, up to the amount of losses utilised.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid on income subject to income tax in Cyprus is credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on such income, irrespective of the existence of a tax treaty.

Special Modes of Τaxation

Insurance companies

Insurance companies are generally taxable in the same way as all other companies. In the case where there is no tax payable or where the tax payable on the taxable income of the life business is less than 1.5% of the gross insurance premiums, then the insurance company pays the difference as additional tax.

Pension income from services rendered abroad

The pension income of any individual resident in the Republic, which arises from services rendered abroad, is taxed at a rate of 5% for amounts exceeding €3.420 per annum.

The taxpayer has the right to choose to be taxed either under the special mode of taxation as stated above or under the personal income tax rates. If the latter is chosen the pension is added to the individual’s aggregate taxable income.

Widow’s pension

The total amount of widow’s pension received from the Social Insurance Fund and/or other approved pension funds is taxed at the flat rate of 20% on amounts exceeding €19.500. The tax payer can however elect to be taxed in accordance with the personal income tax rates.

Intellectual property rights etc

The gross income arising from intellectual property rights, other exploitation rights, compensations or other similar income arising from sources within the Republic, of a person who is not resident in the Republic, is subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10% (unless a tax treaty provides for a lower tax rate).

Royalties received by a connected company registered in a European Union Member State are exempt from tax (subject to conditions).

Rights granted for use outside the Republic are not subject to any withholding tax.

Film royalties etc

The gross income derived by a non-resident person in respect of royalties arising from film projection in the Republic is subject to withholding tax at a rate of 5% (unless a tax treaty provides for a lower tax rate).

Royalties received by a connected company registered in a European Union Member State are exempt from tax (subject to conditions).

Profits of professionals, entertainers etc

The gross income derived by an individual not resident in the Republic from the exercise in the Republic of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers not resident in the Republic, and the gross receipts of any theatrical or musical or other group of public entertainers, including football clubs and other athletic missions from abroad, derived from performances in the Republic is subject to a 10% withholding tax.

Income from Oil & Gas related activities

The gross amount or other income derived from sources within the Republic by any person who is not resident in the Republic, which does not arise from a permanent establishment in the Republic, as consideration for services carried out in the Republic with respect to the extraction, exploration or exploitation of the continental shelf, subsoil or natural resources, as well as the installation and exploitation of pipelines and other installations on the ground, the seabed or above the surface of the sea, is subject to tax at the rate of 5%.

Payment of tax withheld

Tax withheld on payments to non Cypriot residents should be paid to the Tax Department by the end of the following month.

In case where the tax withheld is not paid within the deadline, an additional penalty of 5% is imposed on the tax withheld in addition to any interest that may be imposed.

ANNUAL WEAR AND TEAR ALLOWANCES

Annual wear and tear allowances are calculated as a percentage on the cost of acquisition of the asset, and are deductible from taxable income.

Plant and machinery Rate

Fork lifts, excavators, loading vehicles, 25% bulldozers and oil barrels
Motor vehicles of all types except for 20% private saloon cars
Personal computers (hardware) and 20% operating software
Application software

– up to €1.709 100%

– above €1.709 33 1/3%

Plant and machinery used in agriculture 15%
Water drillings, industrial carpets, video 10% recorders, televisions
Any other plant and machinery 10%
Plant and Machinery 20% (acquired during tax years 2012-2016) unless the

capital allowances rate on such assets is higher

Furniture and fittings 10%

Buildings

• Metallic frame of greenhouses	10%
• Wooden frame of greenhouses	33 1/3%
• Industrial, agricultural and hotel buildings	4%
• Industrial and hotel buildings	7%
(acquired during tax years 2012-2016)
• Commercial buildings	3%
*Ships*
• Steamships, tug-boats and ships	6%
used in the fishing industry
• Sailings vessels	4 1/2%
• Ship launching machinery	12 1/2%

Used ships in accordance with special agreement

New commercial ships 8%
New passenger ships 6%
Used commercial and passenger remaining useful ships and capital additions economic life in accordance with the class certificate

Tools

All tools in general 33 1/3%

All tools in general 33 1/3%

Specialized fixed assets

Armored cars 20%

(used by businesses which provide security services)

Motor yachts 6%
Wind generators 10%

(the cost should include the cost of installation reduced by any amount of subsidy received)

Photovoltaic systems 10% (the cost should include the cost of

installation reduced by any amount of subsidy received)

New airplanes 8%
New helicopters 8%
Specialized machineries for rail roading 20% (e.g. Locomotive engines, Ballast wagon, container wagon and container sleeper wagon)

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION FOR DEFENCE

The persons that are subject to special contribution for defence are:

Cyprus tax resident companies
Individuals that are tax resident and domiciled in Cyprus (note 8)

Special contribution for defence is imposed on the following sources of income at the rates indicated below:

Source • Dividends	Rates 17%
• Interest income	30%
• Interest received by an individual from Government Savings Certificates and	3 %
Government Bonds • Interest earned by an approved provident fund	3%
• Interest earned by the Social Insurance Fund	3%
• Rental income less 25%	3%

Dividends

Exemptions:

dividends received by a company resident in the Republic from another company resident in the Republic, excluding dividends paid indirectly after the lapse of 4 years from the end of the year in which the profits which were distributed as dividends were generated (please see anti-abuse provision in note 9).
dividends received directly or indirectly from dividends on which defence contribution has already been
dividends received by a company resident in the Republic or a company not resident in the Republic which maintains a permanent establishment in the Republic from a company which is not resident in the

This exemption does not apply if:

more than 50% of the activities of the non-resident dividend paying company lead to investment income; and
the foreign tax burden on the income of the dividend paying company is substantially lower than the tax burden of the Cyprus tax resident company or the non- resident company which has a permanent establishment in the

Interest income

Interest earned as a result of the ordinary carrying on of the business (including interest closely connected to the ordinary carrying on of the business, and interest earned by a collective investment scheme) is not considered interest for special defence contribution purposes and is exempt from special defence contribution.

An individual whose total annual income, including interest, does not exceed €12.000 who receives interest which has been subject to defence contribution, has the right to a refund of the amount of defence contribution suffered in excess of 3%.

Deemed distribution

A company resident in the Republic is deemed to have distributed 70% of its profits after taxation in the form of dividends at the end of the two years from the end of the tax year in which such profits were generated. Special defence contribution is imposed to the extent that the ultimate direct/indirect shareholders of the company are Cyprus tax resident and Cyprus domiciled individuals.

The deemed distribution provisions do not apply to profits which relate directly or indirectly to non-resident or non-domiciled shareholders.

For the purpose of calculating the amount of the deemed distribution, the term «profits» means the accounting profits arrived at using generally acceptable accounting principles, after the deduction of any transfers to reserves as specified by any law. Any losses brought forward, group losses as well as any amounts, including any additional depreciation, which emanate from the revaluation of movable and immovable property are ignored.

The term «taxation» includes in addition to the corporate tax:

the special defence contribution
the capital gains tax and
any tax paid abroad that has not been credited against income tax and/or special defence tax payable for the relevant year

In calculating the profits after taxation that are subject to deemed distribution for tax years 2012, 2013 and 2014 a deduction is privided for the acquisition cost of plant and machinery (excluding private saloon cars) that were acquired during these tax years.

The amount of deemed dividend is reduced by the amount of actual dividend distributed during the year the profits were generated, or the following two years.

In case where an actual dividend is paid after the deemed dividend distribution date, any deemed distribution reduces the actual dividend on which the defence contribution is withheld.

In the case of an individual not resident or non domiciled in the Republic receiving dividends from a company which is resident in the Republic, emanating from profits which at any stage were subject to deemed distribution, the defence contribution paid as a result of the deemed distribution which is attributable to such person is refundable.

A person who is deemed to receive dividends from a collective investment scheme is subject to a defence contribution of 3% on the deemed dividend.

Disposal of assets to shareholders at less than market value

In the case where a company disposes an asset to its Cyprus tax resident and domiciled shareholder (individual) or to his/her relative of up to second degree of kindred or his/ her spouse, without consideration or for a consideration which is less than the market value of the asset disposed, it is deemed that the company has distributed dividends to its shareholder, equal to the difference between the market value of the asset and the amount of the consideration.

The above provision will not apply in case where the asset was received by the company by way of a gift from its shareholder (individual) or from his/her relative of up to second degree of kindred or from his/her spouse.

Company dissolution

The aggregate profits of the last five years prior to the company’s dissolution, which have not been distributed or been deemed to be distributed, will be considered as distributed on dissolution and will be subject to defence contribution.

Companies that are under voluntary dissolution or liquidation are obliged to submit within one month from the date of the approval of the resolution, a deemed dividend declaration and pay any special defence contribution in relation to the profits of the specific tax year and the two preceding years.

The deemed dividend distribution provisions do not apply on any accounting profits arising during the dissolution or liquidation if the assets of the company are not sufficient for the repayment of its creditors and no amount is available to be distributed to its shareholders.

Where assets are distributed to the company’s shareholders upon the company’s liquidation or dissolution, which have a market value that exceeds the cost of their acquisition by the company, the deemed distribution provisions will apply. The amount of the dividend that is deemed to be distributed to its shareholders will be equal to the difference between the market value of the assets and the cost of acquisition of the particular asset by the company.

The deemed dividend distribution of profits that become realized upon the company’s dissolution or liquidation may not exceed the amount of the net assets distributed to the shareholders.

The dissolution of an open-ended or closed-ended collective investment scheme falls under the deemed distribution provisions but the undistributed profits will be subject to special defence contribution of 3%.

These provisions do not apply in the case of dissolution under reorganisation, in accordance with certain prerequisites set out in the relevant Regulations or where the shareholders are not resident or non-domiciled in the Republic.

Reduction of capital

In the case of a company’s capital reduction, any amounts paid or due to shareholder individuals in excess of the amount of the share capital that was actually paid by the shareholder will be treated as a deemed dividend subject to special defence contribution (provided that the ultimate shareholders are Cyprus tax resident and Cyprus domiciled individuals).

The buy back or redemption of units or other ownership interests in an opened-ended or closed-ended collective investment scheme is not considered a capital reduction and is not subject to special defence contribution.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid on income subject to special defence contribution will be credited against any special defence contribution payable on such income irrespective of the existence of a tax treaty.

PROFITS FROM SHIPPING ACTIVITIES

The following are exempt from taxation in accordance with the provisions of the Merchant Shipping (Fees and Taxing Provisions) Law and are subject to tonnage tax:

The income of a qualifying ship-owner from the operation of a qualifying Cyprus, community and/or foreign (under conditions) ship, in a qualifying shipping activity.
The income of a qualifying charterer from the operation of a qualifying Cyprus, Community and/ or foreign (under conditions) ship, in a qualifying shipping
The income of a qualifying ship operator from the provision of ship management services of the crew and/or technical administration
Dividends paid directly or indirectly from the profits mentioned
Salaries or other benefits paid to the masters, officers and the crew of a qualifying Cyprus ship in a qualifying shipping

For the purpose of the above mentioned Law in the case of a Cyprus ship, the term «ship owner» includes also the bareboat chartered.

CAPITAL GAINS TAX

Capital gains tax is imposed at the rate of 20% on:

gains from the disposal of immovable property situated in the Republic
gains from the disposal of shares of companies not listed on a recognized stock exchange which own immovable property situated in the Republic and
gains from the disposal of shares of companies which indirectly own immovable property situated in the Republic and derive at least 50% of their market value from such immovable property

In computing the capital gain, the value of the immovable property as at 1 January 1980 (or cost if the date of acquisition is later), the cost of any additions after 1 January 1980 (or the date of acquisition if later), any expenditure incurred for the production of the gain and the indexation allowance, are deducted from the sale proceeds.

The following expenses are not considered expenses wholly and exclusively for the production of the gain and therefore are not deductible:

Immovable Property Tax
Immovable Property Fees
Sewerage Council Fees

Exemptions

The following disposals of immovable property are exempt from capital gains tax:

land as well as land with buildings acquired during the period 16 July 2015 – 31 December 2016 (subject to further conditions, note 10)
transfer on death
gifts between spouses, parents and children and relatives up to third degree of kindred
gift to a company whose shareholders are members of the donor’s family and continue to be members of the family for a period of five years from the date of the gift
gift by a family company to its shareholders, if the company had also acquired the property in question via donation. However if the shareholder disposes the property within 3 years then the shareholder will not be entitled to the deductions listed below

gifts to a charitable organisation or the Republic
exchange or disposal under the Agricultural Land (Consolidation) Laws
exchange provided the gain is used for the acquisition of new The gain derived from the exchange reduces the cost of the new property and the tax is paid when the latter is disposed
expropriations
transfer of ownership or share transfers in the event of company reorganisations
transfer of property of a missing person under administration
transfer of ownership between spouses that their marriage has been dissolved by a court order or in case of tranfer of ownership between the same persons for the purpose of settling their property according to the Settlement of Property Relationships between Spouses Law
principal residence (subject to conditions, note 11)
tranfer under a qualifying loan «restructuring» (note 12)

Deductions

Individuals are entitled to deduct from the gains the following lifetime deductions:

€

Disposal of principal private residence 85.430

(subject to conditions)

Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer 25.629

Other disposals 17.086

Administrative penalties

Administrative penalties amounting to €100 or €200 depending on the specific case, are imposed for late submission of declarations or late submission of supporting documentation requested by the Commissioner.

In the case of late payment of the tax due, an additional penalty at the rate of 5% is imposed on the unpaid tax.

IMMOVABLE PROPERTY TAX

Immovable property tax is imposed on an annual basis, on the market value as at 1 January 1980, of the immovable property situated in the Republic owned by each person as at 1 January of each year.

Rates

Property				Cumulative
Value	Rate		Tax	Tax
(as at 1 January 1980)
€		%	€	€
1 –	40.000*	0,6	240	240
40.001 –	120.000	0,8	640	880
120.001 –	170.000	0,9	450	1.330
170.001 –	300.000	1,1	1.430	2.760
300.001 –	500.000	1,3	2.600	5.360
500.001 –	800.000	1,5	4.500	9.860
800.001 – 3.000.000		1,7	37.400	47.260
3.000.001 and over		1,9

* Property owners with total property value (as at 1 January 1980) not exceeding €12.500 are exempt from immovable property tax.

Exemptions

The following properties are exempt from immovable property tax:

public cemeteries
churches and other religions buildings
public hospitals
schools
immovable property owned by the Republic, foreign embassies and consulates
buildings under a preservation order (subject to conditions)
buildings of charitable organisations
agricultural land used for agriculture or animal husbandry by a farmer
immovable property situated in inaccessible areas
property of a missing person under administration
Turkish-Cypriot property in the unoccupied area of the Republic leased from the Government Trustee by a refugee for private accommodation

ESTATE DUTY

Estate duty is not levied in relation to individuals who have died on or after 1 January 2000.

The Deceased Persons Estate (Taxation Regulations) Law of 2000 provides for a compulsory submission of an

«assets and liabilities» statement of the deceased person to the Commissioner of Taxation within six months from the date of death.

MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTING BOOKS AND RECORDS

Every person (individual, company or partnership) deriving income from:

i any profits or other benefits from any business, or ii dividends, interest or discounts or

any profits or other benefits from any office or employment, leasing, intellectual property rights, patent rights, remuneration or other profits arising from ownership or
any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill

is obliged for every tax year to:

issue receipts and invoices, as specified by relevant Regulations.

Invoices should be issued within 30 days from the date of the transaction unless a written approval has been obtained by the Commissioner for the purpose of issuing the invoices at a later date.

In case where invoices are not issued within the prescribed deadline, a penalty of €100 per month will be imposed.

maintain accounting books and records and prepare financial statements in accordance with acceptable accounting standards, that are audited in accordance with acceptable auditing standards, by a person that is eligible to act as an auditor of a company in accordance with the Companies

A person is obliged to update its accounting books and records within four months from the date of the transactions.
In the case where accounting books and records are not updated within the prescribed deadline, a penalty of €100 per quarter will be
An individual is exempt from the obligation to maintain accounting books and records where the annual turnover does not exceed the amount of €70.000.
Accounting books and records should be kept for a period of at least six
In case a business maintains stocks, a stock take should be carried out during the year end and the results of the stock take should be made available to the Commissioner, upon

TAX TREATIES

Income received in Cyprus

The following table and accompanying notes list the maximum withholding tax rates that may be deducted from income received by a Cyprus tax resident from a resident of a country that has signed a tax treaty with Cyprus.

Received in Cyprus

Paid from Armenia	Dividends % 0 (32)	Interest % 5 (33)		Royalties % 5
Austria	10	0		0
Bahrain (31)	0	0		0
Belarus	5 (4)	5		5
Belgium	10 (1)	10 (16)		0
Bulgaria	5 (19)	7 (25)		10 (20)
Canada	15	15	(7)	10 (11)
China	10	10		10
Czech Republic	0 (30)	0		10
Denmark	0 (34)	0		0
Egypt	15	15		10
Ethiopia (31)	5	5		5
Estonia	0	0		0
Finland	5 (37)	0		0
France	10 (2)	10	(9)	0 (26)
Georgia (31)	0	0		0
Germany	5 (2)	0		0
Greece	25	10		0 (12)
Guernsey	0	0		0
Hungary	5 (1)	10	(8)	0
Iceland	5 (39)	0		5
India	10 (2)	10	(8)	15 (15)
Iran (31)	5 (19)	5		6
Ireland	0	0		0 (12)
Italy	15	10		0
Kuwait	10	10	(8)	5 (14)
Kyrgyzstan (27)	0	0		0
Lebanon	5	5	(16)	0
Lithuania	0 (40)	0		5
Malta	0 (22)	10	(8)	10
Mauritius	0	0		0
Moldova	5 (19)	5		5
Montenegro (28)	10	10		10
Norway	0 (3)	0		0
Poland	0 (36)	5	(8)	5
Portugal	10	10		10
Qatar	0	0		5
Romania	10	10	(8)	5 (14)
Russia	5 (6)	0		0
San Marino	0	0		0
Serbia (28)	10	10		10
Seychelles	0	0		5
Singapore	0	10	(23)	10
Slovakia (29)	10	10	(8)	5 (14)
Slovenia	5	5	(33)	5
South Africa	10 (41)	0		0
Spain	0 (35)	0		0
Sweden	5 (1)	10	(8)	0
Switzerland	0 (38)	0		0
Syria	0 (1)	10	(8)	15 (13)
Tajikistan (27)	0	0		0
Thailand	10	15	(17)	5 (18)
Ukraine	5 (21)	2		5
United Arab Emirates	0	0		0
United Kingdom	0 (24)	10		0 (26)
USA	5 (5)	10	(10)	0
Uzbekistan (27)	0	0		0

Payments from Cyprus

Payments of dividends and interest by Cyprus tax residents to non Cyprus tax residents are exempt from withholding tax in Cyprus according to the Cyprus tax legislation. Royalties granted for use outside of Cyprus are also free of withholding tax in Cyprus.

The following table and accompanying notes list the maximum withholding tax rates provided in the relevant tax treaties.

Paid from Cyprus

Paid to Non-treaty countries	Dividends % 0		Interest % 0		Royalties % 0*
Armenia	0	(32)	5	(33)	5
Austria	10		0		0
Bahrain (31)	0		0		0
Belarus	5	(4)	5		5
Belgium	10	(1)	10		0
Bulgaria	5	(19)	7	(25)	10
Canada	15		15	(7)	10	(11)
China	10		10		10
Czech Republic	0	(30)	0		10
Denmark	0	(34)	0		0
Egypt	15		15		10
Ethiopia (31)	5		5		5
Estonia	0		0		0
Finland	5	(37)	0		0
France	10	(2)	10	(9)	0	(26)
Georgia (31)	0		0		0
Germany	5	(2)	0		0
Greece	25		10		0	(12)
Guernsey	0		0		0
Hungary	0		10	(8)	0
Iceland	5	(39)	0		5
India	10	(2)	10	(8)	15	(15)
Iran (31)	5	(19)	5		6
Ireland	0		0		0	(12)
Italy	0		10		0
Kuwait	10		10	(8)	5	(14)
Kyrgyzstan (27)	0		0		0
Lebanon	5		5	(16)	0
Lithuania	0	(40)	0		5
Malta	15		10	(8)	10
Mauritius	0		0		0
Moldova	5	(19)	5		5
Montenegro (28)	10		10		10
Norway	0		0		0
Poland	0	(36)	5	(8)	5
Portugal	10		10		10
Qatar	0		0		5
Romania	10		10	(8)	5	(14)
Russia	5	(6)	0		0
San Marino	0		0		0
Serbia (28)	10		10		10
Seychelles	0		0		5
Singapore	0		10	(23)	10
Slovakia (29)	10		10	(8)	5	(14)
Slovenia	5		5	(33)	5
South Africa	10	(41)	0		0
Spain	0		0		0
Sweden	5	(1)	10	(8)	0
Switzerland	0	(38)	0		0
Syria	0	(1)	10	(8)	15	(13)
Tajikistan (27)	0		0		0
Thailand	10		15	(17)	5	(18)
Ukraine	5	(21)	2		5
United Arab Emirates	0		0		0
United Kingdom	0		10		0	(26)
USA	0		10	(10)	0
Uzbekistan (27)	0		0		0

Notes

* 10% in the case of royalties granted for use within the Republic.

5% on film and TV rights.

15% if received by a company controlling less than 25% of the voting
10% if received by a company controlling more than or equal to 10% of the 15% in all other cases.
NIL if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the 15% in all other cases.
5% if the amount invested by the beneficial owner is over

€200.000 irrespective of the % of voting power acquired. 10% is imposed if received by a holder of at least 25% of the share capital of the paying company. Otherwise the rate is 15%.

5% if received by a company controlling at least 10% of the voting 15% in all other cases.
10% if received by company, which has invested less than

€100.000.

NIL if paid to the Government or for export
NIL if paid to the Government of the other State or to a financial
NIL if paid to the Government of the other State or in connection with the sale on credit of any industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or any merchandise by one enterprise to another or in relation to any form of loan granted by a bank or is guaranteed from government or other governmental
NIL if paid to the Government of the other State, to a bank or a financial institution or in respect to debt obligations arising in connection with sale of property or the provision of
NIL on literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work with the exception of films used for television
5% on film royalties (except films shown on TV).
10% on literary, musical, artistic work, films and TV
NIL on literary, artistic or scientific work including
Treaty rate restricted to Cyprus legislation rate of 10%. 10% also applies to payment of technical fees, management fees and consultancy
NIL if paid to the Government of the other State, a political subdivision or a local authority, the National Bank or any institution the capital of which is wholly owned by the State or a political subdivision or a local authority or in the form of interest income from bank
10% on interest received by financial institutions, on interest paid in connection with industrial, commercial, scientific equipment or the sale or merchandise between two

10% on right to use industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience and 15% for patents, trademarks, designs, models, plans, secret formulas or
5% if the dividend is received by a company owning directly at least 25% of the capital of the company paying 10% in all other cases.
This rate does not apply, where 25% or more of the capital of the Cypriot resident is owned directly or indirectly by the Bulgarian resident paying the royalties and the Cyprus company pays less than the normal rate of
5% is applicable if the dividend is received by a company owning at least 20% of the capital of the dividend paying company or has invested in the acquisition of shares or other rights of the dividend paying company of at least €100.000. 15% in all other
The treaty provides that the tax on the gross amount of the dividends shall not exceed that chargeable on the profits out of which the dividends are
7% if paid to a bank or similar financial NIL if paid to the government.
The treaty provides for 15% withholding tax but the local taxation provides for 0% withholding
NIL if paid to or is guaranteed by the Government, statutory body, the Central
5% on film royalties, including films used for television programs.
The treaty between the Republic of Cyprus and the United Soviet Socialist Republic still
The treaty between the Republic of Cyprus and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia still
The treaty between the Republic of Cyprus and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic still
NIL if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the dividends where such holding is being possessed for an uninterrupted period of not less than one 5% in all other cases.
The treaty has been published in the Gazette but has not come into effect until the time of publication of this
5% if the beneficial owner has invested in the capital of the company less than the equivalent of €150.000 at the time of the
NIL if paid to the Government or to a local authority, or to the Central

NIL if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the dividends, where such holding is being possessed for an uninterrupted period of no less than 12

NIL if the beneficial owner is the other Contracting State or the Central Bank of that other State, or any national agency or any other agency (including a financial institution) owned or controlled by the Government of that other State.

NIL if the beneficial owner is a pension fund or other similar institution providing pension schemes in which individuals may participate in order to secure retirement benefits, where such pension fund or other similar institution is established, recognized for tax purposes and controlled in accordance with the laws of that other State. 15% in all other cases.

NIL if the dividend is received by a company (other than a partnership) holding at least 10% of the capital of the dividend paying 5% in all other cases.
NIL if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the dividends, where such holding is being possessed for an uninterrupted period of no less than 24 5% in all other cases.
5% if the dividend is received by a company (other than a partnership) which controls directly at least 10% of the voting power in the company paying the 15% in all other cases.
NIL if the beneficial owner is:
- a company (other than a partnership) the capital of which is wholly or partly divided into shares and which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the dividend for an uninterrupted period of at least one
- a pension fund or other similar institution recognised as such for tax purposes, or
- the Government, a political subdivision, local authority or central bank of one of the two contracting 15% in all other cases.
5% if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the 10% in all other cases.
NIL if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at leat 10% on the capital of the company paying the 5% in all other cases.
5% if the dividend is received by a company which holds at least 10% of the capital of the company paying the 10% in all other cases.

TAX DIARY

End of each month Payment of PAYE deducted from employees’ salaries for the previous month

Payment of tax withheld on payments made to non tax residents during the previous month

Payment of special defence contribution withheld on dividends, interest or rent* paid in the previous month to Cyprus tax residents

*Where the tenant is a Cyprus company, partnership, the Goverment or any local authority there is an obligation to withhold special defence contribution on the amount of the rent paid

31 January Submission of the deemed dividend distribution declaration (IR623) for the tax year

31 March Electronic submission of the income

tax return (IR1/IR4) for individuals and companies preparing audited financial statements for the tax year

Submission of return and payment of the first instalment of the special tax levy by Credit Institutions for

30 April Submission of the yearly personal tax return (IR1) by salaried individuals whose gross income exceeds €19.500 for the tax year

Payment of the first instalment of the premium tax for insurance companies (life business) for the first quarter of the year

June Submission of the personal tax return (IR1) by individuals who do not prepare audited financial statements if their gross income exceeds €19.500 for the tax year

Payment of tax balance for the tax year through self assessment by individuals (excluding those individuals who prepare audited financial statements)

Payment of special contribution for defence on rents, dividends or interest from sources outside Cyprus for the first 6 months of the year

Payment of the second instalment of the special tax levy by Credit Institutions for the year

July Electronic submission of the personal tax return (IR1) by salaried individuals whose gross income exceeds

€19.500 for the tax year

Electronic submission of the year employers’ return (IR7) and employees’ details

Submission of the yrarly provisional tax return (IR6) and payment of the first instalment

1 August Payment of the yearly tax balance through

self assessment (IRI58) by individuals and companies preparing audited financial statements

31 August Payment of the second instalment of the

premium tax for insurance companies (life business) for the second quarter of year

September Electronic submission of the year

personal tax return (IR1) by individuals who do not prepare audited financial statements if their gross income exceeds

€19.500 for the tax year

Payment of immovable property tax for for the tax year

Payment of the third instalment of the special tax levy by Credit Institutions for

December Payment of the second instalment of the year provisional tax

Payment of special contribution for defence on rents, dividends or interest from sources outside Cyprus for the last 6 months of

Payment of the third instalment of the premium tax by insurance companies (life business) for the last quarter

Payment of the fourth instalment of the special tax levy by Credit Institutions for the year

Electronic submission of tax returns

Individuals and companies, that prepare audited financial statements or persons that their tax returns are submitted by a professional accountant, are obliged to submit their tax returns electronically.

Administrative penalties

An administrative penalty of €100 or €200 (depending on the specific case), is imposed for the late submission of a tax return or late submission of supporting documentation requested by the Commissioner. In the case of late payment of the tax due, an additional penalty at the rate of 5% is imposed on the unpaid tax.

VALUE ADDED TAX

Imposition of tax

Value Added Tax is imposed on the supply of all goods and services in Cyprus, on the acquisition of goods from other Member States and on the importation of goods from third countries.

Rates Standard rate	19%
Reduced rate	9%
Reduced rate	5%
Zero rate	0%

Standard rate

The standard rate applies to the supplies of all goods and services in Cyprus which are not subject to the zero rate, the reduced rate or are not exempt.

Reduced rate 9%

The reduced rate of 9% applies to:

All restaurant and catering services (including the supply of alcoholic drinks, beer, wine and soft drink)
Accomodation in hotels, tourist lodgements and any other similar lodgements including the provision of holiday lodgements
Transportation of passengers and their accompanying luggage within the Republic using urban, intercity and rural taxis and tourist and intercity buses
Movement of passengers in inland waters and their accompanying

Reduced rate 5%

The reduced rate of 5% applies to:

The supply of foodstuff
The supply of prepared or unprepared foodstuff and/or beverages (excluding alchoholic drinks, beer, wine and softdrinks) or both, irrespective of whether the goods are delivered from the supplier to the customer or taken away by the customer
The supply of pharmaceutical products and vaccines that are used for health care, prevention of illnesses and as treatment for medical or veterinary purposes
The supply of animals used for the preparation of food
Books, newspapers and magazines
Entry fees to theaters, circus, festivals, luna parks, concerts, museums etc
Entry fees at sports events and fees for using athletic centres
Hairdressing services

Renovation and repair of private households after three years of first residence
Supply of catering services from school canteens
Acquisition or construction of residence (subject to conditions)

Zero rate

The zero rate applies to:

The exportation of goods
Supply, modification, repair, maintenance, chartering and hiring of sea-going vessels, which are used for navigation on the high seas and carrying passengers for reward or used for the purpose of commercial, industrial or other activities
Supply, modification, repair, maintenance, chartering and hiring of aircfrafts, used by airlines operating for reward mainly on international routes
Supply of services to meet the direct needs of sea going vessels and aircrafts
Transportation of passengers from the Republic to a place outside the Republic and vice versa using a seagoing vessel or aircraft
Supplies of gold to the Central Bank of the Republic

Exemptions

Exempt supplies include:

Rental of immovable property
Financial services (with some exceptions)
Hospital and medical caring services
Postal services
Insurance services
Disposal of immovable property where the application for building permission has been submitted prior to 1 May 2004
Educational services at all levels of education under certain

Who is obliged to register

Every individual or company is obliged to register if:

at the end of any month, the value of taxable supplies recorded in the last 12 months exceeds €15.600 or
at any point in time the value of taxable supplies are expected to exceed €15.600 in the next 30 days
provides services to a VAT registered person within European Union with nil registration threshold
is involved in the acquisition of goods from other EU member states (relates to persons who offer exempt supplies of goods and services or are non profitable organisations) with registration threshold of €10.250

offers zero rated supplies of goods or services
acquires a company on a going concern
a taxable person from abroad makes distance sales with registration threshold of €35.000

Right for registration

Persons who trade, outside the Republic, in goods or services which would have been taxable if they were provided within the Republic, Groups of companies and Divisions of Companies.

VAT returns and payment / refund of VAT

Any registered person has to submit to the Commissioner a VAT return not later than the 10th day following the end of the month following the end of each VAT period and pay the VAT due.

As from 19 February 2013 every taxable person who makes a claim for VAT refund will be entitled to repayment of the VAT amount with interest, in the event that the repayment is delayed for a period exceeding four months from the date of the submission of the claim.

In case a VAT audit regarding the claim is conducted by the Commissioner, the time period of four months is extended to eight months.

Administration of intra-community trading and intra- community services

Businesses that undertake intra-community trading, i.e. acquisitions and sales of goods and supply of services from/to EU member states need to complete the following forms:

Intra-Community Acquisitions

Intrastat – Arrivals of Goods
Inclusion in the VAT return (on a total basis)

Intra-Community Supplies

Intrastat – Departures of goods
Recapitulative statement for supplies of goods and services (VIES form)
Inclusion in the VAT return on a total basis

When and how are they submitted

INTRASTAT forms are submitted to the Tax authorities within 10 days from the end of the related month, in electronic form only provided that the supplies of a taxable person exceed the registration threshold for intrastat purposes.

The Recapitulative statement, is submitted to the Tax authorities

within 15 days from the end of the related month in electronic form only.

Penalties and interest

Late registration €85 for every month of delay Late submission of return €51 for each return

Late payment of VAT 10% of amount due plus interest

Late de-registration €85 one-off

Late submission of Intrastat form €15 for each return

Late submission of €50 for each statement Recapitulative statement

(VIES return) for supplies

Imposition of the reduced rate of 5% on the acquisition and/or construction of residences for use as the primary and permanent place of residence

As from 8 June 2012 the reduced rate of 5% applies to the acquisition and/or construction of residences to be used by eligible persons (residents of the Republic or/and other EU member states or other non EU member states) as the primary and permanent place of residence, only after obtaining a certified confirmation from the Commissioner.

The statutory declaration may be filed at any stage at the time of construction of the residence or in case of supply prior to the eligible person obtaining possession.

The reduced rate of 5% applies for the first 200 square meters. In case of families with more than 3 children the allowable total covered area increased respectively.

Extension of the imposition of the reduced rate of 5% on the renovation and repair of private residential homes

As from 4 December 2015 the reduced rate of 5% applied on the renovation and repair of private residential homes is extended to all the residential homes (and not only to the main and permanent place of residence applied as of 3/12/2015). The renovation and repair consists of plumbing, electrical, carpentry, painting, building and construction work. In cases that the value of the materials exceeds the total value of the supply by more than fifty per cent (50%), the value of the materials are subject to the standard rate of VAT.

SOCIAL INSURANCE AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

Contributions rates

Social insurance and other contributions are calculated on the employee’s gross weekly/monthly emoluments at the following rates:

Self

	Employer	Employee	employed
	%	%	%
Social Insurance	7,8	7,8	14,6
Redundancy Fund	1,2	–	–
Industrial Training	0,5	–	–
Social Cohesion Fund	2,0	–	–

Limits

The above rates (excluding the rate applicable to contributions to the Social Cohesion Fund) are applied on the employee’s gross emoluments subject to the following upper limits.

	per week	per month	per annum
	€	€	€
Weekly employees	1.046	–	54.392
Monthly employees	–	4.533	54.396

Contributions of self-employed individuals

The amount of contributions payable by self-employed individuals is subject to a lower and an upper limit (set on an annual basis) depending on the occupation of the self-employed individual.

Occupational Category

Lower Weekly Upper Weekly Limit Limit

€ €

Medical Doctors, Pharmacists,

Health professionals

persons with up to

10 years practice 383,64 1.046

persons with more than

10 years practice 775,99 1.046

2. Accountants, Economists, Lawyers and other Liberal professions a. persons with up to 10 years practice	383,64	1.046
b.persons with more than
10 years practice	775.99	1.046
3. Managers (Businessmen), Estate Agents, Wholesalers	775.99	1.046
4. Teaching Professionals

(University, Secondary education,Primary and pre-primary education, Teaching Associates, Special education teaching professionals)

persons with up to

10 years practice 374,92 1.046

persons with more than

10 years practice

5. Builders and related

749,83

1.046

occupations

470,83

1.046

6. Farmers, Dairy and Livestock producers, Poultry producers, Fishermen and related occupations

261,57

1.046

7. Drivers, Excavator operators and related occupations

374,92

1.046

8. Technicians, Mass Media Associates, Stationary-Plant (not related to building occupations) and Metal,

Rubber, Plastic, Wood and related product assemblers

374,92

1.046

9. Clerks, Typists, Cashiers, Secretaries

374,92

1.046

10. Artisans not falling under any other occupational category

374,92

1.046

11. Shopkeepers

357,48

1.046

12. Butchers, Bakers, Pastry-cooks, Meat, Milk, Fruit,

Tobacco product makers/ preservers and

related occupations

287,73

1.046

13. Street vendors,

Mail carriers, Garbage collectors, Miners and quarry workers, Deck, Underwater workers, Riggers and cable splicers, Sweepers, Service providers and Salesmen

261,57

1.046

14. Cleaners, Messengers, Watchpersons, Dry Cleaning Owners

357,48

1.046

15. Draughtspersons, Computer equipment operators, Ships’ engineers,

Agents and related occupations Musicians, Magicians

383,64

1.046

16. Persons not falling, under any other occupational category

383,64

1.046

Deadline for payment of the contributions by the employers

The contributions that the employer is obliged to pay in accordance with the Law, should be paid not later than the end of the calendar month following the month that the contributions relate to.

Additional fee for late payment of contributions

Every employer or self employed individual who fails to pay the contributions within the time limit, is obliged to pay an additional fee in the range of 3% and 27%, depending on the period of delay, calculated on the amount of contributions due for payment.

TRANSFER FEES FOR IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

Transfer fees

Transfer fees are paid by the acquirer to the Department of Land and Surveys on transfers of immovable property. The transfer fees are calculated on the market value of the property as estimated by the Department of Land and Surveys at the following rates

Cumulative

Market Value €	Rate %	Fees €	Fees €
0 – 85.000	3	2.550	2.550
85.000 – 170.000	5	4.250	6.800
170.000 and over	8

In the case of free transfers of property between the following parties, the transfer fees are calculated on the value of the property as at 1 January 2013 at the following rates:

from parents to children 0%
between spouses 0,1%
between third degree relatives 0,1%

Exemptions from transfer fees

The following tranfers are exempt from transfer fees:

under a qualifying reorganisation
under a qualifying loan restructuring (note 12)
in the context of bankruptcy, liquidation, disposal of mortgaged immovable property by the lender

Transfer fees for the period 2/12/2011 – 31/12/2016

For the above period the following apply:

Exemption from transfer fees if the transfer relates to a transaction that is subject to VAT
In case the transfer relates to a transaction not subject to VAT, the legislation provides for an exemption of 50% of the transfer fees. This applies to transactions where:
- transfer fees apply or are due; and
- the transfer relates to plots of land, buildings or interests in land or indivisible interests that are sold for the first time from the date of issue of the relevant building permit; and

the relevant contract is prepared and submitted for the first time to the local District Land Registry during the period of application of the

for any transfer of immovable property as well as the registration of any lease/sublease until 31 December 2016, a 50% reduction in transfer fees and lease/ sublease registration fees is provided. This reduction does not apply to transfers of immovable property that have been acquired under foreclosure

STAMP DUTY

Documents relating to property situated in the Republic or to any matters or issues executed or performed in the Republic are subject to stamp duty.

Type of document	Amount/ Rate
• Letters of guarantee	€4
• Letter of credit	€2
• Receipts for amounts over €4	€0.07
• Customs documents	€18/ €35
• Bills of lading	€4
• Bills of exchange	€1
(payable at sight on first demand
or within 3 days from demand or sight)

Charterhire document €18
General power of attorney €6
Special power of attorney €2
Certified copies of contracts and documents €2
Will €18
Estate administration document €9
Contracts with a specified consideration
For amounts up to €5.000 0%

– For amounts between €5.001 – €170.000 0,15%

For amounts over €170.000 0,2% (Maximum duty

€20.000)

Contracts without a specified consideration €35
Issue of tax residency certificate by €80 Inland Revenue Department

Exemptions

Documents relating to transactions that take place in relation to a company reorganisation or loan restructuring (note 12) are exempt from stamp duty.

COMPANIES REGISTRAR RIGHTS AND FEES

Registration of a limited €105

company by shares or plus 0.6% on guarantee, with share capital nominal capital

Registration of a company €175

without share capital

Registration of an increase €40 plus 0.6% on the in the company’s share capital additional amount of increase
Registration of issue of shares €20

where the value of the shares issued is payable in cash or in kind

Change of name of company €40
Reduction of capital €80
Application for registration €160 of a general or a limited

partnership

Application for registration €120 of a business name
Filing with the Registrar

of the following document:

Annual Report €20

Annual Report which is overdue €40

Notification of a registered €20 mortgage on immovable

property in the Republic of Cyprus irrespective of the sum of money

Registration of a charge apart from

a mortgage on immovable property within the Republic of Cyprus:

On the form of notification €40 of the charge
On the charge document securing maximum amount:
- For a sum of money up to €17.086 €100

For a sum of money exceeding €200

€17.086 but not over €34.172

For a sum of money exceeding €340

€34.172 but not over €85.430

For a sum of money exceeding €500

€85.430 but not over €170.860

For a sum of money over €170.860 €600 where no amount is mentioned

Payment of company annual levy

All companies registered in the Cyprus company register must pay an annual levy of €350. In the case of group companies the total amount payable is capped at €20.000.

The annual levy is payable from the year of
The annual levy is payable to the Registrar of Companies by 30 June of each
Late payment of the levy will give rise to the following penalties:
in case of up to a 2 month delay – a 10% penalty;
in case of a delay between 2 and 5 months – a 30% penalty.
Non-payment of the levy may result in deregistration (strike-off) of a company by the Cyprus Registrar of Companies (which will not allow the company to submit documents or request certificates from the Registrar of Companies).
If a company is re-instated within a two year period from its strike-off a fixed penalty of €500 (in addition to the outstanding amount of the levy) is The fixed fee will be increased to €750 where a company is re-instated after the two year period.

Each employee, self-employed, or pensioner of the private sector, shall pay a special contribution to the Republic. The special contribution is calculated as a percentage on the gross monthly earnings with no restriction or maximum limit on the amount of the contribution. The relevant bands and applicable rates from 1 January 2014 up to 31 December 2016 are as shown in the table below.

In the case of private sector employees, self-employed and pensioners special contributions relate to income derived in Cyprus.

For employees of the private sector, the following are exempt from the special contribution:

Retirement bonus
Amounts paid by provident funds
Remuneration of a foreigner who is employed by a foreign government or by an international organization
Remuneration of foreign diplomats and consular representatives who are not citizens of the Republic
Remuneration of Cypriot ship’s crew
Allowances paid to employees covering business expenses on behalf of an employer

Employees or pensioners, who pay the special contribution under the Officers, Employees and Pensioners of the State and Public Sector Law on their salaries or pensions, are exempt from the above payment.

In the case of an employee of the private sector, the payment of the special contribution is shared equally by the employer and the employee, (i.e. 50% of the special contribution is paid by the employee and 50% is paid by the employer).

The special contribution paid is deductible from the taxable income of the employee/employer that it relates to.

Imposition and payment of the special contribution

In the case of an employee of the private sector and / or pensioner of the private sector the amount of special contribution is withheld from the wage or pension and is payable on a monthly
In the case of a self-employed, the amount of special contribution is declared on a form approved by the Commissioner and paid in two installments following the same procedure and dates provided for the provisional income tax (i.e. July 31 and December 31).

NOTES

For employment commencing during or after 2012, the exemption applies for a period of 5 years starting from the tax year following the year of commencement of the employment, with the last eligible tax year being 2020.

The exemption applies for a period of 10 years. For employment commencing during or after 2015, the exemption does not apply in case the employee was a Cyprus tax resident in the preceding tax year or for at least 3 out of the last 5 tax years immediately prior to the tax year of commencement of

Persons trading in FX have an option to make an irrevocable election to be subject to tax only on realized FX

The term “Securities” is defined as shares, bonds, debentures, founders’ shares and other securities of companies or other legal persons, incorporated in Cyprus or abroad and options thereon. Two Circulars have been issued by the Tax Authorities clarifying that the term also includes among others, options on Securities, short positions on Securities, futures/ forwards on Securities, swaps on Securities, depositary receipts on Securities (ADRs, GDRs), rights of claim on bonds and debentures (rights on interest of these instruments are not included), index participations only if they result on Securities, repurchase agreements or Repos on Securities, units in open-end or close-end collective investment schemes. The redemption of participation or share in an open or closed-ended collective investment scheme constitutes a disposal of Securities.

The income tax exemption shall not apply to the extent that dividends are deductible from the taxable income of the dividend paying company. Dividends that do not qualify for the income tax exemption are not considered as dividends for special defence contribution purposes (see page 16).

Expenditure incurred for the development or acquisition of intangible assets as defined in the Patent Rights Law, the Intellectual Property Law and the Trademarks Law is tax

The annual capital allowance deduction on such intangible assets is equal to 20% of the acquisition cost. The capital allowance is tax deductible over 5 years including the year of acquisition.

An 80% deemed deduction applies to the net profit from the exploitation or disposal of such intangible assets (including the compensation from irregular use of these intangible assets).

The net profit is calculated after deducting from the income or profit that is generated from the exploitation or disposal of such intangible assets, all direct expenses associated with the production of this income or profit.

Where a net loss is created, only 20% of such loss will be eligible to be surrendered/carried forward.

Equity introduced to a company as from 1 January 2015 (new equity) in the form of paid-up share capital or share premium is eligible for an annual notional interest deduction (NID). The annual NID deduction is calculated as a percentage (reference rate) on the new The relevant reference rate is the yield of the 10 year government bond (as at December 31 of the prior tax year) of the country where the funds are employed in the business of the company, plus a 3% premium (subject to a minimum rate which is the yield of the 10 year Cyprus government bond as at the same date, plus a 3% premium). The NID is subject to certain anti- avoidance provisions.

Prior to 16 July 2015, individuals were subject to special defence contribution if they were tax resident in As from 16 July 2015, individuals are subject to special defence contribution if they are both Cyprus tax resident and Cyprus domiciled. An individual is domiciled in Cyprus for the purposes of special

contribution for defence if he/she has a domicile of origin in Cyprus per the Wills and Succession Law (with certain exceptions) or if he/she has been a tax resident in Cyprus for at least 17 out of the 20 tax years immediately prior to the tax year of assessment. Anti-avoidance provisions apply.

In case where actual dividend is received by a company which is owned indirectly by Cyprus tax resident and domiciled individual(s) and the Commissioner considers that the interposition of this company as a shareholder of the company paying the dividend does not serve any substantial commercial or economic purpose but is primarily intended to prevent, reduce or postpone the payment of special defence contribution, the Commissioner may deem that the dividend is paid directly to the Cyprus tax resident and domiciled individual(s) who directly/indirectly control the company receiving the dividend and require the payment of the special defence contribution on the dividend either from the company receiving the dividend or from the Cyprus tax resident individual(s) who directly/indirectly control the

The immovable property must be acquired through a purchase or purchase agreement and not through an exchange or donation, at market value, from a non-related This exemption does not apply to disposals of immovable property that have been acquired under foreclosure procedures.

Exemption conditions:
- the principal house is exclusively used by the owner for his own residence and
- the sales consideration does not exceed the amount of €350.000 and
- the disposal is made in the context of:
  - a compromise or arrangement plan approved by the Court or the official Receiver or an Administrator who is acting in accordance with a Court Order issued in accordance of the Bankruptcy Law;
  - a personal repayment plan which is issued in accordance with the Insolvency of Physical Persons Law;

a Court Order for the liquidation of a company;
part VIA of the Transfer and Mortgage of Immovable Property

The exemption applies up to 31 December 2017.

“Restructuring” means the direct or indirect sale and transfer of immovable property and transfer of rights under a sale contract deposited with the Department of Lands and Surveys, between one or more borrowers and/or debtors and/or guarantors regarding the same credit facility or grant or debt and one or more creditors made up to 31 December 2017, which aims to reduce or repay credit facilities or loans or debts granted to borrowers with one or more

The allowance for the annual life insurance premium is restricted to 7% of the insured

Life insurance policies, in respect to the life of the claimant’s spouse, which were in existence up to the 31 December 2002 and for which the claimant was receiving a tax allowance, will continue to be deductible by the claimant.

In the event of cancellation of a life insurance contract within 6 years from the date it was entered into, a portion of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowance will be taxable as follows:

cancellation within 3 years 30%

cancellation between 4 to 6 years 20%

Doing Business in Cyprus 2024

INCOME TAX

Exemption

Non-deductible

Loans or other financial assistance provided to company directors or individual shareholders

Losses

Personal Tax Allowances

Allowance

Exemption

Deductible expenses

Deduction

Non-deductible expenses

Non-deductible

Losses

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Special Modes of Τaxation

Insurance companies

Pension income from services rendered abroad

Widow’s pension

Intellectual property rights etc

Film royalties etc

Profits of professionals, entertainers etc

Income from Oil & Gas related activities

Payment of tax withheld

ANNUAL WEAR AND TEAR ALLOWANCES

Buildings

Tools

All tools in general 33 1/3%

Specialized fixed assets

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION FOR DEFENCE

Dividends

Interest income

Deemed distribution

Disposal of assets to shareholders at less than market value

Company dissolution

Reduction of capital

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

PROFITS FROM SHIPPING ACTIVITIES

CAPITAL GAINS TAX

Exemptions

Deductions

Administrative penalties

IMMOVABLE PROPERTY TAX

Rates

Exemptions

ESTATE DUTY

MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTING BOOKS AND RECORDS

TAX TREATIES

TAX DIARY

Electronic submission of tax returns

Administrative penalties

Imposition of tax

Standard rate

Reduced rate 9%

Reduced rate 5%

Zero rate

Exemptions

Who is obliged to register

Right for registration

VAT returns and payment / refund of VAT

Administration of intra-community trading and intra- community services

When and how are they submitted

Penalties and interest

Imposition of the reduced rate of 5% on the acquisition and/or construction of residences for use as the primary and permanent place of residence

Extension of the imposition of the reduced rate of 5% on the renovation and repair of private residential homes

SOCIAL INSURANCE AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

Contributions rates

Self

Contributions of self-employed individuals

Occupational Category

Lower Weekly Upper Weekly Limit Limit

Deadline for payment of the contributions by the employers

TRANSFER FEES FOR IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

Transfer fees

Exemptions from transfer fees

Transfer fees for the period 2/12/2011 – 31/12/2016

STAMP DUTY

Exemptions

COMPANIES REGISTRAR RIGHTS AND FEES

Payment of company annual levy